C++ Mathematical Functions
C++ being a superset of C, supports a large number of useful mathematical functions. These functions are available in standard C++ to support various mathematical calculations.
Instead of focusing on implementation, these functions can be directly used to simplify code and programs. In order to use these functions you need to include a header file- <math.h> or <cmath>.
Math Library Functions in C++
C++ provides a large set of mathematical functions which are stated below:
Function | Description |
---|---|
double sin(double) | This function takes angle (in radian) as an argument and returns its sine value that could be verified using sine curve. |
double cos(double) | This function takes angle (in radians) as an argument and returns its cosine value that could be verified using cosine curve. |
double tan(double) | This function takes angle (in radians) as an argument and returns its tangent value. This could also be verified using Trigonometry as Tan(x) = Sin(x)/Cos(x). |
double sqrt(double) | This function takes a number as an argument and returns its square root value. The number can not be a negative value. |
int abs(int) | This function takes an integer number as an argument and returns its absolute value. It means the output will always be positive regardless of the sign of the input. |
double pow(double, double) | This function takes one argument as base and another as exponent. |
double hypot(double, double) | This function requires two sides of the right-angled triangle to give output as its hypotenuse. |
double floor(double) | This functions returns the integer value lesser or equal to the argument passed in the function. |
double fabs(double) | This function returns the absolute value of any number. |
double acos(double) | This function returns the arc cosine of the argument. The argument to acos() must be in the range -1 to 1; otherwise, a domain error occurs. |
double asin(double) | This function returns the arc sine of the argument. The argument to asin() must be in the range -1 to 1; otherwise, a domain error occurs. |
double atan(double) | This function returns the arc tangent of arg. |
double atan2(double, double) | This function returns the arc tangent of (double a)/(double b). |
double ceil(double) | This function returns the smallest integer as double not less than the argument provided. |
double cosh(double) | This function returns the hyperbolic cosine of the argument provided. The value of the argument provided must be in radians. |
double tanh(double) | This function returns the hyperbolic tangent of the argument provided. The value of the argument provided must be in radians. |
double log(double) | This function takes a number and returns the natural log of that number. |
double exp(double) | This function returns the value of e = 2.718 raised to the given number. |
Example of C++ Mathematical Functions
C++ program to illustrate some of the above-mentioned functions:
C++
// C++ program to illustrate some of the // above mentioned functions #include <iostream> #include <math.h> using namespace std; int main() { double x = 2.3; cout << "Sine value of x=2.3 : " << sin (x) << endl; cout << "Cosine value of x=2.3 : " << cos (x) << endl; cout << "Tangent value of x=2.3 : " << tan (x) << endl; double y = 0.25; cout << "Square root value of y=0.25 : " << sqrt (y) << endl; int z = -10; cout << "Absolute value of z=-10 : " << abs (z) << endl; cout << "Power value: x^y = (2.3^0.25) : " << pow (x, y) << endl; x = 3.0; y = 4.0; cout << "Hypotenuse having other two sides as x=3.0 and" << " y=4.0 : " << hypot(x, y) << endl; x = 4.56; cout << "Floor value of x=4.56 is : " << floor (x) << endl; x = -4.57; cout << "Absolute value of x=-4.57 is : " << fabs (x) << endl; x = 1.0; cout << "Arc Cosine value of x=1.0 : " << acos (x) << endl; cout << "Arc Sine value of x=1.0 : " << asin (x) << endl; cout << "Arc Tangent value of x=1.0 : " << atan (x) << endl; y = 12.3; cout << "Ceiling value of y=12.3 : " << ceil (y) << endl; x = 57.3; // in radians cout << "Hyperbolic Cosine of x=57.3 : " << cosh (x) << endl; cout << "Hyperbolic tangent of x=57.3 : " << tanh (x) << endl; y = 100.0; // Natural base with 'e' cout << "Log value of y=100.0 is : " << log (y) << endl; return 0; } |
Output
Sine value of x=2.3 : 0.745705 Cosine value of x=2.3 : -0.666276 Tangent value of x=2.3 : -1.11921 Square root value of y=0.25 : 0.5 Absolute value of z=-10 : 10 Power value: x^y = (2.3^0.25) : 1.23149 Hypotenuse having other two sides as x=3.0 and y=4.0 : 5 Floor value of x=4.56 is : 4 Absolute value of x=-4.57 is : 4.57 Arc Cosine value of x=1.0 : 0 Arc Sine value of x=1.0 : 1.5708 Arc Tangent value of x=1.0 : 0.785398 Ceiling value of y=12.3 : 13 Hyperbolic Cosine of x=57.3 : 3.83746e+24 Hyperbolic tangent of x=57.3 : 1 Log value of y=100.0 is : 4.60517
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