What is Graph Coloring?

Graph coloring refers to the problem of coloring vertices of a graph in such a way that no two adjacent vertices have the same color. This is also called the vertex coloring problem. If coloring is done using at most m colors, it is called m-coloring.

Importance of Graph Coloring in Competitive Programming(CP):

In CP as the difficulty of problems increases, the problem setter mostly chooses a graph-based problem. The solution of many such problems lies in the concept of graph coloring which mainly revolves around 3 key concepts:

• Bi-partite Coloring
• M-coloring of graph
• Chromatic Numbers

In this article, we will see how these concepts are used in a problem.

Graph coloring in programming refers to the assignment of colors to the vertices of a graph in a way that no two adjacent vertices share the same color. In this article, we will cover the concepts of Graph coloring, why is it important to learn for Competitive Programming and other related concepts like: Bipartite Graph, Chromatic Number, etc.