Thyroid Gland
The thyroid gland consists of two lobes that contacted each other through the isthmus. The thyroid gland is composed of follicles and stromal tissues. Follicles synthesize two hormones: Tetraiodothyronine or thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3). Iodine is essential for the normal functioning of the thyroid gland.
The functions of thyroid gland hormones are:
- Regulates the basal metabolic rate.
- Helps in the process of red blood cell formation.
- Regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
- Maintains the electrolyte balance.
- Thyrocalcitonin (TCT) secreted by it regulates blood calcium levels.
Hypothyroidism
Caused due to deficiency of iodine in the diet. It results in the enlargement of the thyroid gland which is called a Goitre in adults. In children, it is known as Cretinism, characterized by stunted growth, mental retardation, low intelligence quotient, abnormal skin, deaf-mutism, etc.
Hyperthyroidism
Caused due to an increased rate of synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone. It results in exophthalmic goiter, characterized by enlargement of the thyroid gland, protrusion of the eyeballs, increased basal metabolic rate, and weight loss. It is also called Graves’ disease. It severely affects the body’s physiology.
NCERT Notes for Class 11 Biology Chapter 19: Chemical Coordination and Integration
NCERT Notes Biology Class 11 Chapter 19 Chemical Coordination and Integration: The study of chemical coordination and Integration forms an important part of human physiology. Chemical coordination, integration, and regulations in the human body are carried out by special chemicals called hormones. Regulation, growth, and development of our organs, the endocrine glands, and cells are carried out by hormones.
Here, in Chapter 19 of Biology Class 11 NCERT Chemical Coordination and Integration, we will study the Human endocrine system, Hormones, and their mechanism of action.
Contact Us