Three Panchayati Raj System
It is the primary unit of local self-government at the village level. It is made up of Panchayat members, who are elected for a five-year tenure. The Gram Panchayat is in charge of essential services like sanitation, drinking water, street lighting, and village road maintenance, among other things.
It is the intermediate stage of local self-government for a group of villages. The Panchayat Samiti is in charge of planning and implementing several development projects at the block level. It is composed of delegates elected from each of the Gram Panchayats under its jurisdiction.
In India, the three-tier Panchayati Raj system is a kind of decentralised government. It consists of three tiers of institutions for local self-government, each with unique duties and authority.
Gram Panchayat (Village level):
The Gram Panchayat is the primary level of the Panchayati Raj system, responsible for governing and managing village-level affairs. It comprises elected representatives who oversee the development and progress of their respective villages. The Gram Panchayat is responsible for executing essential rural development programs such as sanitation, primary education, healthcare, drinking water supply, and social welfare initiatives. Additionally, it maintains accurate records of vital events such as births, deaths, and marriages occurring within the village.
Panchayat Samiti (Block level):
Sitting between the Gram Panchayats and the Zilla Parishad, the Panchayat Samiti constitutes the intermediary tier of the Panchayati Raj system. It comprises a group of Gram Panchayats and serves as the governing body for a block or taluka encompassing multiple villages. The Panchayat Samiti plays a pivotal role in coordinating and supervising the functioning of the Gram Panchayats under its jurisdiction. Additionally, it oversees the execution of diverse rural development schemes and programs pertaining to agriculture, animal husbandry, and rural industries
Zilla Parishad (District level):
At the apex of the Panchayati Raj system, the Zilla Parishad serves as the topmost tier representing the district-level administration. It is composed of elected representatives from the Panchayat Samitis and shoulders the responsibility of overseeing the holistic progress and growth of the entire district. The Zilla Parishad acts as the nodal agency that coordinates and monitors the operations of the Panchayat Samitis falling within its jurisdiction. Moreover, it devises and executes a diverse range of schemes and programs catering to the district’s needs concerning education, healthcare, agriculture, and rural development.
Difference Between Two and Three Tier Panchayati Raj System
The Panchayati Raj system is an Indian decentralised form of local self-government that attempts to deliver democracy to the people. The word “Panchayati Raj” literally means “ruling by the village council” and refers to the rural local government system. The Panchayati Raj system was adopted as a constitutional amendment in India in 1992 with the goal of decentralising authority and increasing democratic participation at the grassroots level. It is a crucial component of India’s democratic system since it allows local people to participate in decision-making, facilitates the delivery of services and infrastructure at the local level, and promotes accountability and openness.
The Panchayati Raj system is divided into two tiers or levels: the Gram Panchayat (village council) and the Panchayat Samiti (block or taluka level council). The Gram Panchayat is in charge of a single village or set of villages, whereas the Panchayat Samiti is in charge of a group of Gram Panchayats. A third layer of Panchayati Raj institutions, known as the Zilla Parishad (district council), has also been established in several states. The Zilla Parishad is in charge of managing district development and coordinating the operations of the lower-level councils.
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