Structure of Antigen
The antigenic structure differs based on the size, nature, and immunogenicity of the antigen. Its molecular structure is based on its ability to bind to the antigen-binding site of the antibody. On the basis of the molecular structure called antigenic determinants or the epitope, the antibodies differentiate between different antigens. The counterpart of the epitope in antigen is the paratope in antibody which is the exact region that interacts with the antigen. The epitope and paratope combine with each other like a lock and key. The number of antibodies a single antigen can bind with depends on the number of epitopes present in that antigen. Antibodies stimulated by one antigen can even interact with different antigens and this mechanism is called cross-reactivity.
What is an Antigen?
Antigen is a substance that can trigger an immune response in the body. It is typically a foreign substance, such as a microorganism, a toxin, or a particle, that the immune system recognizes as being “non-self” and potentially harmful. When the immune system encounters an antigen, it produces specific proteins called antibodies that can recognize and neutralize the antigen, or stimulate other immune cells to attack and destroy it
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