73rd Amendment: Empowering Rural Local Governments
Three-Tier Structure: The 73rd Amendment mandated a uniform three-tier structure for Panchayati Raj institutions (PRIs) across all states. At the grassroots level, Gram Panchayats, covering villages or groups of villages, form the foundation. Intermediary bodies, such as Mandal or Taluka Panchayats, operate at the block or taluka level. At the apex, Zilla Panchayats oversee entire rural districts.
Gram Sabha Empowerment: The amendment introduced the Gram Sabha, comprising all adult voters in the Panchayat area. This inclusive body plays a crucial role in decision-making, with its functions determined by state legislation.
Direct Elections and Reservations: All levels of PRIs are now directly elected, ensuring democratic representation. Reservations for women, scheduled castes, and scheduled tribes, along with provisions for other backward classes, promote inclusivity and diversity in leadership.
Transfer of Subjects: Twenty-nine subjects, primarily linked to local development and welfare, are transferred from the state list to PRIs. The actual transfer depends on state legislation, aligning governance with local needs.
State Election Commissioners and Finance Commissions: Appointment of autonomous State Election Commissioners ensures fair elections, while State Finance Commissions review financial allocations to PRIs, fostering fiscal autonomy.
Chapter 8: 73rd and 74th Amendments| Class 11 Polity Notes
In the quest for effective governance, India embarked on a transformative journey with the enactment of the 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments in 1992.
These pivotal amendments aimed to bolster local governance structures, providing a framework for uniformity and empowerment across rural and urban areas. Let’s delve deeper into the significant changes ushered in by these amendments.
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