Later Mongol Invasions of India

After more than 20 years of peace, major Mongol invasions again started during the reign of the Tughlaq dynasty, which replaced the incumbent Khalijis. In 1327, Chagatai ruler Tarmashirin attacked and besieged Delhi, and Muhammad bin Tughlaq had to pay a huge ransom to free Delhi from him. After Tarmashirin, no major attacks materialized by the Mongols against India until Babur in 1526, who was the descendant of Timur. With Ibrahim Lodhi’s defeat at the hands of Babur in the first battle of Panipat in 1526, a new era began in India’s history with the emergence of the Mughal Empire.

Mongol Invasion of India

Mongol Invasion of India: Mongol invasions were conducted by the Mongol empire in the Indian subcontinent between 1221 and 1327, with the Qaraunas of Mongol descent leading many of the latter expeditions. For many years, the Mongols ruled over portions of the subcontinent. The Delhi Sultanate launched a counterattack against the Mongols as they advanced into the Indian hinterland and arrived at the periphery of Delhi, resulting in significant losses for the Mongol force. One of the Sultan’s main responsibilities, according to Delhi Sultanate authorities, is to take revenge on the Mongols.

Table of Content

  • Background of Mongol Invasion of India
  • First Mongol Invasion of India
  • Mongol Invasion of India against the Delhi Sultanate
  • Later Mongol Invasions of India

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Background of Mongol Invasion of India

Mongols were united under a military general, Temujin, better known as Genghis Khan, in 1206. The Mongol empire attempted to attack the Indian subcontinent between 1221 and 1327 and later by the Qaraunas of Mongol origin. They controlled the outskirts of the Indian subcontinent in the North-western part, including Afghanistan and part of present-day Pakistan, for several years....

First Mongol Invasion of India

During Allaudin Khilji’s reign, the Mongols began their first attack on India. The Mongol Empire invaded the Indian subcontinent many times between 1221 and 1327; rebellious Qaraunas of Mongol ancestry carried out several of the latter raids. The Mongols ruled over most of present-day Pakistan and Punjab for many years as a vassal state, conquering Kashmir. The Mongol Army suffered severe losses on the opposing army during the Delhi Sultanate’s heroic struggle against them under Allaudin Khilji as they marched into the Indian hinterland and into the outskirts of Delhi. But just when they were about to win, the Mongols abruptly left India, saving Allaudin Khilji from shame....

Mongol Invasion of India against the Delhi Sultanate

In the 1260s, constant civil war broke out in various sections of the Mongol empire. Later intrusions into India were attempted by the Chagatai Khanate, who ruled over the major parts of Central Asia. In the 1280s, Duwa Khan controlled Afghanistan and made several attacks on the North-western border towns of India, including Sindh, Balochistan, Lahore, and Multan....

Later Mongol Invasions of India

After more than 20 years of peace, major Mongol invasions again started during the reign of the Tughlaq dynasty, which replaced the incumbent Khalijis. In 1327, Chagatai ruler Tarmashirin attacked and besieged Delhi, and Muhammad bin Tughlaq had to pay a huge ransom to free Delhi from him. After Tarmashirin, no major attacks materialized by the Mongols against India until Babur in 1526, who was the descendant of Timur. With Ibrahim Lodhi’s defeat at the hands of Babur in the first battle of Panipat in 1526, a new era began in India’s history with the emergence of the Mughal Empire....

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