Hormones Action
The chemical messengers which are produced by the endocrine glands and released into the bloodstream directly are known as Hormones. Hormones are used for regulating many body functions such as digestion, reproduction, and so on. There are two types of hormones which are:
- Protein Hormones: The Hormones which are soluble in water are known as Protein Hormones. Example- Adrenaline, Noradrenaline. These hormones can be easily transported in the blood.
- Steroid Hormones: The Hormones which are not soluble in water are known as Steroid Hormones. Example- Thyroid Hormones. These hormones are only transported to their target organs because they are not water soluble and bind to plasma proteins.
Each and every hormones consists of a receptors which are found on the cell membrane of the target organs. When the hormones are bind to its receptor it forms a series of action which are used to release secondary messengers inside the cells and these messengers are responsible for the relaying the information to the nucleus. There are two different types of receptors which are as follows:
- Internal receptor: These type of receptor are for steroid hormones. They can be nuclear receptor or cytoplasmic receptor. Nuclear receptor are found in the nuclear membrane whereas cytoplasmic receptor are found in the cytoplasm of the cell.
- External receptor: These type of receptor are for the protein hormones. They are the transmembrane receptor which are embedded in the lipid layer of cell membrane.
Mechanism of Hormone Action – Notes CBSE Class 11
Mechanisms of Hormone Action are seen in the protein hormones such as Insulin, Adrenaline, TSH, and so on. These protein hormones are water soluble and they cannot pass through the cell membrane as it is made up of a lipid layer therefore this is known as a fixed membrane receptor mechanism whereas steroid hormones are made up of fats and are insoluble in water. These receptors are intracellular and can float in the cytoplasm on the nuclear membrane or inside the cell and due to this they are mobile receptor mechanisms.
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