Function of X and Y Chromosomes
The X and Y chromosomes are called the sex chromosomes. Their functions are as follows:
- These chromosomes are responsible for the determination of the gender of an organism. The X and Y chromosomes encode genes that are responsible for the determination of the sex of an organism.
- In humans and bees, males are heterogametic i.e. they have one X and one Y chromosome, while females are homogametic i.e. they have two X chromosomes.
- The Y chromosome contains the TDF (Testes determining factor) in the SRY (Sex-determining region of Y) responsible for initiating male sex determination.
- On the other hand, the X chromosomes are inactivated in homogametic organisms like human females to maintain a balance between copies of genes found in the X chromosome.
23 Chromosomes – Functions and Types of Chromosomes
Chromosomes are made of DNA molecules and are found in the nucleus of a cell. There are 23 chromosome pairs in humans. Transporting genetic information from one cell generation to the next is the main function of chromosomes. Several genes on each chromosome code for different proteins. The features of the entire organism are influenced by or determined by these genes.
Table of Content
- What are Chromosomes?
- Human Chromosome Types
- 23 Chromosomes and Their Functions
- Structure of Chromosome
- Different types of Chromosomes
- Genetic Mapping with Chromosomes
- Function of X and Y Chromosomes
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