Difference between Capacitor and Battery
The difference between capacitor and battery is tabulated below:
Basis of Difference | Battery | Capacitor |
---|---|---|
Definition |
A battery is a device which stores the electric charge in the form of chemical energy and back in the electrical energy when needed. |
A capacitor is a two terminals electronic component which stores the electric charge in the electrostatic field and discharge it back to the circuit as electrical energy. |
Construction |
An ordinary battery consists of three essential components: a positive terminal (cathode), a negative terminal (anode), and an electrolyte. |
A capacitor is a two terminal comprises of two metallic plates isolated by a dielectric material such as air, mica, paper, etc. |
Principle of operation |
The operation of a battery is based on the chemical reaction, called redox reaction (oxidation-reduction reaction ). |
The operation of a capacitor is based on the principle of electrostatic, i.e. when a voltage is connected to a capacitor, it begins to store energy in it . |
Element type |
A battery is an dynamic component as it supplies energy to the circuit. |
A capacitor is inactive circuit component since it cannot deliver energy for infinite time. In straightforward word, it cannot supply energy to the circuit on its own. |
Function |
The essential work of a battery in an electrical or electronic circuit is to give energy to the circuit. Moreover, a battery can produce electric charge. |
The capacitor as it were stores the electric charge or electrons. |
Behavior with AC & DC |
A battery stores and produces as it were coordinate current (DC). AC cannot be utilized to charge a battery and the battery cannot deliver AC |
A capacitor charges in DC circuit slowly until it reaches supply voltage while in AC Circuit, a capacitor continues to charge and discharge continuously. |
Types |
There are different sorts of batteries accessible such as Antacid battery, Lithium particle battery, Silver oxide battery, Nickel cadmium battery, Nickel metal hydride battery, etc. |
There are numerous types of capacitors like ceramic capacitor, mica capacitor, paper capacitor, electrolytic capacitor, electrochemical capacitor, super capacitor, half breed super capacitor, tantalum coordinates capacitor, etc. |
Voltage |
A battery gives a consistent voltage while discharging. |
The voltage over a capacitor reduces rapidly while discharging. |
Energy density | Battery has better energy density as compared to capacitor. | For a capacitor, the energy density is lower than a battery. |
Terminal polarity | For a battery, the two terminals are positive and negative marked with their symbols | In capacitor, there are two terminals positive and negative. Here, generally positive terminal is longer of the two. |
Charging and discharging time | The charging and discharging time of a battery is exceptionally high, regularly, 20 to more than 60 minutes. | The time taken for a capacitor to charge and discharge is very short, usually ranging from 1 to 10 seconds. |
Life span | A battery has moderately life span almost 5 to 10 years. | The life expectancy of a capacitor is approximately 10 to 15 years which is comparatively more than a battery. |
Size (for same capacity) | A battery is smaller than a capacitor. | A capacitor has lager size as compared to a battery. |
Cost | Battery is very costly than a capacitor. | The price of a capacitor is less. |
Applications | Batteries are broadly utilized as power source in various electronic devices such as torch, radio, toys, military and submarine appliances, automotive vehicles, backup power supplies, etc. | Capacitor is utilized in electrical and electronic circuit to present capacitance, some uses capacitors are as filters, power factor correction, motor starters, coupling and decoupling of signals, oscillators, etc. |
Difference Between Capacitor And Battery
The key distinction between a battery and a capacitor lies in how they store electrical energy. While a battery stores energy in chemical form, converting it back into electrical energy as needed, a capacitor stores energy in an electric field. In this article, we will learn about the difference between a capacitor and a battery. First of all, we will learn what a capacitor and what a battery is.
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