Biological Disasters

Disasters which occur as a result of biologically active ingredients/pathogens which has the ability to create havoc in the economy and whose conversion rates can’t be predicted in advance making it’s area of influence unpredictable are considered as biological disasters. Examples include the recent outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic which had lasted for quite a few years and is still making its toll to a greater public.

Disaster Management in India

Disaster management has been a tedious task in India keeping in view the aspects related to it. Although, definite steps have been taken in this direction still it lacks in some respects. This article deals with disaster management in India from the time of India’s independence, and what changes have been done in each successive phase.

Disasters can be caused due to many factors such as natural, human-induced, biological, etc. Since Biological disasters have a composite nature incorporating both natural and human-related phenomena, this has been discussed in greater detail. Further, it being a continuous process involving the political, environmental, social, and economic angles minimizing has been an impressive area of research all over the world so that lives can be enhanced and disasters can be minimized. As is usually understood by many individuals, disaster management involves reducing the occurrence of disasters but disaster being an unavoidable circumstance, disaster management deals with minimizing the effects of disaster.

Disaster Management in India

Table of Content

  • What is Disaster?
  • Agencies involved in the management of disasters in India
  • Financial arrangements under the Disaster Management Act
  • Drawbacks of the Disaster Management Act
  • Biological Disasters
  • Legislations for prevention of biohazards in India
  • Legal Framework for Biological Disasters
  • Prevention of Biological Disasters

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What is Disaster?

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Agencies involved in the management of disasters in India

Disaster is usually a naturally occurring phenomenon, though not confined to it, which makes it unavoidable and involves a significant impact on all the aspects of the environment (the surroundings), which when exceed the threshold can even cause the loss of livelihoods of the economy and further can aggravate the situation making it difficult to manage....

Financial arrangements under the Disaster Management Act

The organizational structure is hierarchical in nature with three levels of operation, i.e., centre, state and district. Apart from this, it is also a multi-stakeholder framework in which several key ministries, departments and administrative entities are involved....

Drawbacks of the Disaster Management Act

National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF)...

Biological Disasters

It has been accused of fostering an hierarchical, bureaucratic, command-and-control, top-down approach that gives the center, states and district authorities of sweeping powers. The act has been criticized for marginalizing NGOs, elected local representatives (PRIs), local communities and civil society. Issues in implementation – According to the Public Accounts Committee (PAC) report, 2015 on “Disaster Preparedness in India” The implementation of the Disaster Management Act has been slow and slack. For instance, there was a seven year delay from 2006-2013 in finalizing the National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP) which was finally released in 2016. The center, states and districts did not constitute the mitigation funds which could be used for disaster preparedness, restoration, etc. Many mitigation projects taken up by the NDMA were incomplete. Several critical posts in the NDMA were lying vacant....

Biological Disasters – Important points for UPSC

Disasters which occur as a result of biologically active ingredients/pathogens which has the ability to create havoc in the economy and whose conversion rates can’t be predicted in advance making it’s area of influence unpredictable are considered as biological disasters. Examples include the recent outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic which had lasted for quite a few years and is still making its toll to a greater public....

Legislations for prevention of biohazards in India

1. Biological disasters can be classified into epidemic and pandemic level disasters....

Legal Framework for Biological Disasters

1. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974...

Prevention of Biological Disasters

1. The Epidemics Diseases Act, 1897 was enacted to manage of 1897 bubonic plague of Mumbai....

Multiple Choice Questions

Proper maintenance of sewage and drainage pipelines can reduce the occurrence of disasters caused due to flies and mosquitoes. Integrated disease surveillance system should be put in place to deal with the early surveillance of biological disasters. Proper conduct between the international organizations and agencies can help in continuous flow of information relating to diseases. Awareness among the general public regarding the personal hygiene should be propagated. Details about the biological disasters and its prevention needs to be started at the local level and hence education to the general public in the vernacular language is the need of the hour....

Frequently Asked Questions

1: Which body is responsible for disaster management in India?...

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