International Comparisons| Class 12 Geography Notes

International Comparisons is a subpart of the Class 12 Geography Notes Chapter 3 which is entitled Human Development. International Comparisons are also known as the national evaluation indicators. They are the quantitative, qualitative, and evaluative analytical method that shows the performance of a country based on its relation with other countries. The value becomes more clear and visible in the context of territorial size and per capita income while analyzing the human development of the various nations. 

In this article, we are going to discuss Class 12 Geography Chapter 3 subpart International Comparisons in detail.

International comparisons of human development are an interesting factor where the size of a particular territory and its per capita income are not connected directly to the evaluation process of human development. The smaller countries also have done better than larger countries in the context of human development. On the other side, the poor nations also hold a higher rank than the other rich countries in the same context. In the context of human development, Sri Lanka, Trinidad, and Tobago hold a higher rank than India. These countries have the same economy as India but they are doing better in the human development index. In the same way, the Kerala state performs better than the Punjab state of India. There are four major classifications on which human development can be scaled in the right way as mentioned below. 

Let us discuss about the International Comparisons in the context of Human Development Group. The analysis reveals that the high human development group consists of 53 countries. It gives priority to education and healthcare with significant investment in social sectors and good governance. Notably, it includes so many imperial powers who have relatively low social diversity. On the other hand, the medium human development group contains 42 countries. It contains mostly post-World war two. The Soviet Union breakup adopted the people-oriented policies to reduce social discrimination. It depicts the higher social diversity and political instability. The low human development group consists of 43 countries. These countries face many urgent challenges like different political challenges, instability in society, and outbreaks of diseases leading to well-thought-out policies. The lower human development index is driven by different cultural factors like religion and community affiliation. 

International comparisons of human development are an interesting factor where the size of a particular territory and its per capita income are not connected directly to the evaluation process of human development. Understanding the persistent disparities in human development levels within regions necessitates an examination of government spending patterns in the social sector and the prevailing political landscape. On the other side, the degree of individual freedom is also considered as the factor of the higher human development index. Countries with a higher human development index focus on the social sector investment experience political stability and hold equal social distribution as well. 

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What is the international comparison method?

The international comparison model is an educational or manpower planning procedure based heavily on international data for assessing a given country’s manpower requirements.

What is the history of the International Comparison Program?

The ICP was established in 1968 as a joint venture of the United Nations Statistical Division (UNSD) and the International Comparisons Unit of the University of Pennsylvania with financial contributions from the Ford Foundation and the World Bank.

What are comparison methods?

Comparative method is about looking at an object of study in relation to another. The object of study is normally compared across space and/or time. Comparative methods can be qualitative and quantitative.

How do you compare HDI of two countries?

The Human Development Index (HDI) measures each country’s social and economic development by focusing on the following four factors: mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling, life expectancy at birth, and gross national income (GNI) per capita.

Which country has the highest HDI rank in the world?

Switzerland takes the lead with an HDI value of 0.962, closely followed by Norway at 0.961. Not far behind is Iceland with an HDI value of 0.959, making it third on our list.

Why Sri Lanka HDI is high than India?

Even after being bigger in terms of area than Sri Lanka, India has a lower HDI due to an increasing population, leading to increasing income inequality and access to public facilities, which explains the country’s clear developing status, which needs more improvement.

Which country has the lowest HDI?

South Sudan and Somalia had the lowest levels of human development based on the Human Development Index (HDI).