Electronic Configuration of First 30 Elements
Electronic configuration describes the distribution of electrons in atomic orbits. It tells about how electrons are arranged in the orbits inside the atom. Knowing any element’s electronic configuration helps us to find its physical and chemical properties.
In this article, we will learn how to write electronic configuration of elements, Electronic configuration of the first 30 elements, and the significance of electric configuration.
Table of Content
- What is Electronic Configuration?
- How to Write Electronic Configuration of Elements?
- Electronic Configuration of First 30 elements
- Significance of Electronic Configuration
What is Electronic Configuration?
Electric Configuration is the arrangement of electrons within the energy levels, sublevels, and orbitals of its atoms. It describes the distribution of electrons in different shells (energy levels) and subshells (s, p, d, f) according to the rules of quantum mechanics.
Representation of electrons distributed in atomic shells of an element is known as electronic configuration. The electrons are mathematically located in these subshells and the notations help locate the position of these electrons and the electronic configuration.
How to Write Electronic Configuration of Elements?
To write the Electronic Configuration of an element, we must know the properties of that particular element, such as its atomic number, number of electrons, shells, etc. We must follow the following rules to write the electronic configuration of any element.
Rules for Filling Electrons in Orbitals
The maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in a shell is dependent on the principal quantum number (n).
The maximum number of electrons in any shell is 2n2 , where n is the shell number.
- For K shell, n=1 and maximum electrons present in k shell = 2 × (1)2 = 2.
- For L shell, n=2 and maximum electrons present in L shell = 2 × (2)2 = 8.
- For M shell, n=3 and maximum electrons present in M shell = 2 × (3)2 = 18.
- For N shell, n=4 and maximum electrons present in N shell = 2 × (4)2 = 32.
The number of electrons in subshells are dependent on the azimuthal quantum number(L). The value of L is in between 0 to (n-1) where n is principal quantum number.
For each value of L , there is corresponding subshell
- L = 0 corresponds to s subshell,
- L = 1 corresponds to p subshell,
- L = 2 corresponds to d subshell and
- L = 3 corresponds to f subshell.
Similar to principal quantum number we can also calculate maximum number of electrons present in each subshell using L .
The maximum number of electrons that can be present in subshell = 2 × (2L+1) .
Hence, the maximum number of electrons in each subshell are:
- In S subshell = 2 × (2(0)+1) = 2
- In P sub shell = 2 × (2(1)+1) = 6,
- In D subshell = 2 × (2(2)+1) = 10 and
- In F subshell = 2 × (2(3)+1) = 14.
Note: While writing electronic configuration of any element first shell number is written followed by subshell name and then total number of electrons in the subshell with superscript.
For example , if 1 electron is present in first subshell then its electronic configuration is 1s1 .
Aufbau Principle
Aufbau principle states that electrons are filled in the increasing order of orbital energy level. The atomic orbitals with lower energy are filled first and then the orbital with higher energy is filled.
Pauli Exclusion Principle
Pauli Exclusion Principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have identical values for all four of their quantum numbers. In this principle, it states that no more than two electrons can occupy the same orbital and two electrons in same orbital must have opposite spins.
General Electronic Configuration of Elements
The general electronic configuration of elements according to their respective blocks is given below:
- s-block : ns1-2
- p-block : ns2np1-6
- d-block : (n-1)d1-10ns0-2
- f-block : (n-2)f1-14(n-1)d0-1ns2
s and p bock elements are called representative elements, d block elements are called transition elements and f-block elements are called inner transition elements.
Electronic Configuration of First 30 elements
Electric Configuration of first 30 elements is given below:
Atomic Number |
Element |
Element Symbol |
Electronic Configuration |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
H |
1s1 |
|
2 |
He |
1s2 |
|
3 |
Lithium |
Li |
[He] 2s1 |
4 |
Beryllium |
Be |
[He] 2s2 |
5 |
Boron |
B |
[He] 2s2 2p1 |
6 |
C |
[He] 2s2 2p2 |
|
7 |
N |
[He] 2s2 2p3 |
|
8 |
O |
[He] 2s2 2p4 |
|
9 |
Fluorine |
F |
[He] 2s2 2p5 |
10 |
Neon |
Ne |
[He] 2s2 2p6 |
11 |
Sodium |
Na |
[Ne] 3s1 |
12 |
Magnesium |
Mg |
[Ne] 3s2 |
13 |
Aluminum |
Al |
[Ne] 3s2 3p1 |
14 |
S |
[Ne] 3s2 3p2 |
|
15 |
P |
[Ne] 3s2 3p3 |
|
16 |
Sulphur |
S |
[Ne] 3s2 3p4 |
17 |
Cl |
[Ne] 3s2 3p5 |
|
18 |
Ar |
[Ne] 3s2 3p6 |
|
19 |
Potassium |
K |
[Ar] 4s1 |
20 |
Calcium |
Ca |
[Ar] 4s2 |
21 |
Scandium |
Sc |
[Ar] 3d1 4s2 |
22 |
Titanium |
Ti |
[Ar] 3d2 4s2 |
23 |
Vanadium |
V |
[Ar] 3d3 4s2 |
24 |
Chromium |
Cr |
[Ar] 3d5 4s1 |
25 |
Manganese |
Mn |
[Ar] 3d5 4s2 |
26 |
Iron |
Fe |
[Ar] 3d6 4s2 |
27 |
Cobalt |
Co |
[Ar] 3d7 4s2 |
28 |
Nickel |
Ni |
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 |
29 |
Cu |
[Ar] 3d10 4s1 |
|
30 |
Zn |
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 |
Electronic Configuration of First 10 Elements
The electronic configurations of the first 10 elements are as follows:
Atomic Number |
Element |
Electronic Configuration |
---|---|---|
1 |
Hydrogen (H) |
1s1 |
2 |
Helium (He) |
1s2 |
3 |
Lithium (Li) |
1s2 2s1 |
4 |
Beryllium (Be) |
1s2 2s2 |
5 |
Boron (B) |
1s2 2s2 2p1 |
6 |
Carbon (C) |
1s2 2s2 2p2 |
7 |
Nitrogen (N) |
1s2 2s2 2p3 |
8 |
Oxygen (O) |
1s2 2s2 2p4 |
9 |
Fluorine (F) |
1s2 2s2 2p5 |
10 |
Neon (Ne) |
1s2 2s2 2p6 |
Electronic Configuration of Elements 11 to 20
The electronic configurations of the elements 11 to 20 are as follows:
Atomic Number |
Element |
Electronic Configuration |
---|---|---|
11 |
Sodium (Na) |
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 |
12 |
Magnesium (Mg) |
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 |
13 |
Aluminum (Al) |
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1 |
14 |
Silicon (Si) |
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 3p2 |
15 |
Phosphorus (P) |
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 3p3 |
16 |
Sulfur (S) |
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 3p4 |
17 |
Chlorine (Cl) |
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 3p5 |
18 |
Argon (Ar) |
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 3p6 |
19 |
Potassium (K) |
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 3p6 4s1 |
20 |
Calcium (Ca) |
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 3p6 4s2 |
Electronic Configuration of Elements 21 to 30
The electronic configurations of the elements 21 to 30 are as follows:
Atomic Number |
Element |
Electronic Configuration |
---|---|---|
21 |
Scandium (Sc) |
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 3p6 4s2 3d1 |
22 |
Titanium (Ti) |
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 3p6 4s2 3d2 |
23 |
Vanadium (V) |
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 3p6 4s2 3d3 |
24 |
Chromium (Cr) |
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 3p6 4s1 3d5 |
25 |
Manganese (Mn) |
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 3p6 4s2 3d5 |
26 |
Iron (Fe) |
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 3p6 4s2 3d6 |
27 |
Cobalt (Co) |
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 3p6 4s2 3d7 |
28 |
Nickel (Ni) |
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 3p6 4s2 3d8 |
29 |
Copper (Cu) |
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 3p6 4s1 3d10 |
30 |
Zinc (Zn) |
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 3p6 4s2 3d10 |
Significance of Electronic Configuration
The importance of electronic configuration is described below:
- It helps in determining valency of element which is useful in finding chemical behavior of element.
- The elements are classified in different blocks from electronic configuration (S-block, P-block , D-block and F-block elements).
- Electronic configuration helps in determining atomic spectra of element.
- Electronic configuration influences the magnetic properties of elements.
- Electronic configuration of an element is used to determine different periodic trends of the periodic table, such as atomic size, ionization energy, and electron affinity.
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Solved Examples on Electronic Configuration
Example 1: What is the electronic configuration of magnesium?
Solution:
Atomic number of magnesium is 12. Hence its electronic configuration is 1s22s22p63s2.
Example 2: What is the maximum number of electrons present in shell with principal quantum number of 4?
Solution:
Maximum number of electrons in shell with principle quantum number 4 is = 2×(4)2 = 32.
Example 3: What is the maximum number of electrons present in subshell with L=2 ?
Solution:
Maximum number of electrons in subshell with L = 2 is = 2(2(2)+1) = 10.
Example 4: Which of the following elements shown as pairs with their atomic numbers belong to the same period ?
- a. Z=19 and Z=38
- b. Z=12 and Z=17
- c. Z=11 and Z=21
- d. Z=16 and Z=35
Solution:
b. Z=12 and Z=17
For Z=12 electronic configuration is = 1s2s22p23s2
For Z=17 electronic configuration is = 1s22s22p63s23p5
Both of elements have n=3. hence they belong to same period.
Example 5: Atomic numbers of few elements are given below. Which of the pairs belong to s-block ?
- a. 7,14
- b. 3,20
- c. 8,15
- d. 9,17
Solution:
b. 3,20
Electronic configuration for Z=3 , 1s22s1 and for Z=20 , 1s22s22p63s23p64s2
Hence they belong to s block.
Frequently Asked Questions on Electronic Configuration
What is electronic configuration?
Electronic configuration is the distribution of electrons within the energy levels, sublevels, and orbitals of an atom or molecule.
What are the noble gases present in first 30 elements?
Noble elements preset in first 30 elements are helium, neon and argon.
What is the Hund’s rule of electronic configuration of the first 30 elements?
When applying Hund’s Rule to electronic configurations of the first 30 elements, we can observe that electrons fill the orbitals in a way that maximizes the number of unpaired electrons, which leads to greater stability.
What is the formulas to calculate maximum number of electrons in shell with principal quantum number n?
The formula to calculate the maximum number of electrons present in shell with principal quantum number n is = 2n2 .
How to calculate value of L from principal quantum number n?
For principal quantum number n , the value of L is in between 0 to n-1 .
Are all d-block elements transition elements?
No, all d-block elements are not transition elements, however all transition elements belongs to d-block.
What is the SPDF configuration?
SPDF configuration represents the distribution of electrons in the atomic orbitals of an atom, using the letters S, P, D, and F to denote different types of orbitals:
- S orbitals has one orbital.
- P orbitals has three orbitals.
- D orbitals has five orbitals.
- F orbitals has seven orbitals.
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