CSS Units
CSS has several different units for expressing the length and measurement. CSS units are needed to specify the measurement in the stylesheet like padding:”5px“. Mainly there are two types of units in CSS.
- Absolute Length
- Relative Length
Absolute Length: It is not good for use on-screen, cause screen size varies so much depending on the device used for that page it is recommended to use for print layout and where the output medium is known.
Absolute Length Units:
- cm: centimeter
Syntax:
font-size: 0.5cm;
line-height: 0.1cm;
Example: This example illustrates the CSS units by specifying the length unit in cm.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS units</title>
<style>
.gfg {
font-size: 1.2cm;
font-weight: bold;
}
.Beginner {
font-size: 0.5cm;
line-height: 0.1cm;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="gfg">w3wiki</div>
<div class="Beginner">
A computer science portal for Beginner
</div>
</body>
</html>
Output:
mm: millimeter
Syntax:
font-size: 5mm;
line-height: 1mm;
Example: This example illustrates the CSS units by specifying the length unit in mm.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS units</title>
<style>
.gfg {
font-size: 12mm;
font-weight: bold;
}
.Beginner {
font-size: 5mm;
line-height: 1mm;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="gfg">w3wiki</div>
<div class="Beginner">
A computer science portal for Beginner
</div>
</body>
</html>
Output:
in: inches
Note: inches (1in = 96px = 2.54cm)
Syntax:
font-size: 0.2in;
1line-height: 0.1in;
Example: This example illustrates the CSS units by specifying the length unit in inches.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS units</title>
<style>
.gfg {
font-size: .5in;
font-weight: bold;
}
.Beginner {
font-size: .2in;
line-height: .1in;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="gfg">w3wiki</div>
<div class="Beginner">
A computer science portal for Beginner
</div>
</body>
</html>
Output:
px: pixels
Note: pixels (1px = 1/96th of 1in)
Syntax:
font-size: 20px;
line-height: 10px;
Example: This example illustrates the CSS units by specifying the length unit in pixels.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS units</title>
<style>
.gfg {
font-size: 40px;
font-weight: bold;
}
.Beginner {
font-size: 17px;
line-height: 5px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="gfg">w3wiki</div>
<div class="Beginner">
A computer science portal for Beginner
</div>
</body>
</html>
Output:
pt: points
Note: points (1pt = 1/72 of 1in)
Syntax:
font-size: 16pt;
line-height: 8pt;
Example: This example illustrates the CSS units by specifying the length unit in points.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS units</title>
<style>
.gfg {
font-size: 35pt;
font-weight: bold;
}
.Beginner {
font-size: 15pt;
line-height: 5pt;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="gfg">w3wiki</div>
<div class="Beginner">
A computer science portal for Beginner
</div>
</body>
</html>
Output:
pc: picas
Note: picas (1pc = 12 pt)
Syntax:
font-size: 1pc;
line-height: 0.5pc;
Example: This example illustrates the CSS units by specifying the length unit in pc.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS units</title>
<style>
.gfg {
font-size: 3pc;
font-weight: bold;
}
.Beginner {
font-size: 1.3pc;
line-height: .2pc;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="gfg">w3wiki</div>
<div class="Beginner">
A computer science portal for Beginner
</div>
</body>
</html>
Output:
Relative Length: It is good for use on-screen, if screen size varies so much depending on the device then these relative length units are perfect because it changes with the different rendering mediums.
Relative Length Units:
em: Relative to the font size of that element.
Note: Here 2em means 2 times the size of the current font.
Syntax:
font-size: 10px;
line-height: 2em;
Example: This example illustrates the CSS units by specifying the length unit in em.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>relative unit</title>
<style>
p {
font-size: 15px;
line-height: 2em;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>w3wiki Line height: 2x10px = 20px</p>
<p>w3wiki Line height: 2x10px = 20px</p>
<p>w3wiki Line height: 2x10px = 20px</p>
</body>
</html>
Output:
ex: Relative to the X(axis)-height of the current font.
Syntax:
font-size: 1ex;
Example: This example illustrates the CSS units by specifying the length unit in ex.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>relative unit</title>
<style>
p {
font-size: 40px;
}
span {
font-size: 1ex;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>
w3wiki:<span>A computer science
portal for Beginner</span>
</p>
</body>
</html>
Output:
ch: Relative to the width of the 0.
Syntax:
font-size: 2ch;
Example: This example illustrates the CSS units by specifying the length unit in ch.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>ch unit in CSS</title>
<style>
body {
font-size: 50px;
}
div {
font-size: 1ch;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>w3wiki</p>
<div>
A computer science portal for Beginner
</div>
</body>
</html>
Output:
rem: Relative to the browser base font-size.
Syntax:
font-size: 3rem;
Example: This example illustrates the CSS units by specifying the length unit in rem.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>ch unit in CSS</title>
<style>
body {
font-size: 4rem;
}
div {
font-size: 1.6rem;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>
w3wiki
</p>
<div>
A computer science portal for Beginner
</div>
</body>
</html>
Output:
vw: Relative to 1% of the width of the viewport.
Syntax:
font-size: 10vw;
Example: This example illustrates the CSS units by specifying the length unit in vw.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>vw unit</title>
<style>
h1 {
font-size: 4vw;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>w3wiki</h1>
<p>
A computer science portal for Beginner
</p>
</body>
</html>
Output:
vh: Relative to 1% of the height of the viewport.
Syntax:
font-size: 10vh;
Example: This example illustrates the CSS units by specifying the length unit in vh.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>vw unit</title>
<style>
h1 {
font-size: 4vw;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>w3wiki</h1>
<p>
A computer science portal for Beginner
</p>
</body>
</html>
Output:
vmin: Relative to 1% of the viewport’s smaller dimension.
Syntax:
font-size: 10vmin;
Example: This example illustrates the CSS units by specifying the length unit in vmin.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>vmin unit</title>
<style>
h1 {
font-size: 8vmin;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>w3wiki</h1>
<p>A computer science portal for Beginner</p>
<p>1vmin = 1vw or 1vh whichever is smaller.</p>
</body>
</html>
Output:
vmax: Relative to 1% of the viewport’s larger dimension.
Syntax:
font-size: 20vmax;
Example: This example illustrates the CSS units by specifying the length unit in vmax.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>vmax unit</title>
<style>
h1 {
font-size: 5vmax;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>w3wiki</h1>
<p>A computer science portal for Beginner</p>
<p>1vmax = 1vw or 1vh whichever larger.</p>
</body>
</html>
Output:
%: % unit sets the font-size relative to the current font-size.
Syntax:
font-size: 250%;
Example: This example illustrates the CSS units by specifying the length unit in percentage.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS unit</title>
<style>
body {
font-size: 250%;
}
div {
font-size: 17px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>w3wiki</p>
<div>A computer science portal for Beginner</div>
</body>
</html>
Output:
Supported Browser:
- Google Chrome
- Internet Explorer
- Microsoft Edge
- Firefox
- Opera
- Safari
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